The role of peer support groups in improving antiretroviral adherence in Kano State
- Project Research
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
HIV/AIDS remains a major public health concern in Nigeria, with Kano State facing significant challenges in ensuring optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Over recent years, evidence has emerged that continuous, peer-led support can substantially improve adherence outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Peer support groups—formed by individuals with shared experiences—offer emotional comfort, practical advice, and a sense of belonging. In Kano State, cultural traditions and communal living underscore the potential impact of such groups, as social networks have historically influenced behavioral norms (Abdullahi, 2023; Musa & Ibrahim, 2024). Despite ongoing national campaigns to boost ART adherence, many patients struggle with complex treatment regimens, stigma, and socio-economic challenges. Recent studies indicate that patients involved in peer support are more likely to remain consistent with their medication schedules, thereby reducing viral loads and improving quality of life (Bello, 2023).
The potential benefits of peer support are multifaceted. First, they serve as an accessible platform for sharing experiences and strategies to overcome medication-related challenges. Second, these groups often facilitate better communication between healthcare providers and patients by acting as an intermediary that builds trust and rapport. Third, they empower individuals to manage side effects and mental health issues that frequently accompany long-term ART use (Olawale, 2024). Despite promising preliminary data, little is known about the precise mechanisms that enable peer support groups to enhance adherence in Kano State. Factors such as group composition, meeting frequency, and integration with formal healthcare services remain underexplored.
Moreover, variations in literacy levels, socio-economic backgrounds, and prevailing cultural norms may affect how peer support is perceived and implemented. Recent pilot studies suggest that tailored, community-based interventions can mitigate barriers to adherence by normalizing treatment challenges and providing context-specific solutions (Aminu, 2023). However, scalability and sustainability of these groups require further empirical scrutiny. Against this backdrop, this study critically examines the role of peer support in facilitating ART adherence, taking into account both the strengths and potential challenges inherent in this community-driven approach. By integrating qualitative insights with quantitative data, the research aims to elucidate the broader public health implications for HIV management in Kano State.
Statement of the Problem
In Kano State, despite significant investments in HIV/AIDS programs, ART non-adherence remains a pervasive issue. Many patients discontinue or inconsistently take their medications due to stigma, economic hardship, and misinformation about the treatment (Garba, 2023). The lack of consistent adherence increases the risk of drug resistance, treatment failure, and elevated community viral loads. Although peer support groups have been introduced as an innovative solution, their effectiveness has not been systematically evaluated. Preliminary observations suggest that while these groups offer emotional and practical support, challenges such as irregular attendance, inadequate training of group leaders, and integration with formal healthcare services may hinder their potential (Suleiman, 2024).
Moreover, there is a paucity of data regarding how socio-cultural factors in Kano influence group dynamics and adherence behaviors. Issues such as confidentiality, cultural taboos, and gender dynamics often impede open discussions about HIV, thereby reducing the effectiveness of peer support. Additionally, healthcare providers and policymakers lack clear evidence on best practices for leveraging these groups to improve clinical outcomes. The resulting gap in the literature makes it difficult to justify the allocation of resources toward scaling up peer support initiatives.
This study, therefore, seeks to address the problem by investigating the specific contributions of peer support groups in enhancing ART adherence, while also identifying structural and cultural challenges that must be overcome. Understanding these factors is critical to designing interventions that are both contextually relevant and sustainable. The research will employ both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a nuanced analysis of the barriers and facilitators to effective peer support, ultimately informing policy and program development in Kano State (Ibrahim, 2023).
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the impact of peer support groups on ART adherence among PLHIV in Kano State.
2. To identify the socio-cultural and systemic barriers affecting the performance of peer support groups.
3. To recommend strategies for integrating peer support more effectively into HIV treatment programs.
Research Questions
1. How do peer support groups influence ART adherence among PLHIV in Kano State?
2. What socio-cultural and systemic factors hinder the effectiveness of these groups?
3. Which strategies can optimize the integration of peer support into existing HIV treatment frameworks?
Research Hypotheses
1. PLHIV participating in peer support groups show significantly higher adherence rates than non-participants.
2. Socio-cultural barriers such as stigma and confidentiality concerns negatively affect group participation and adherence outcomes.
3. Integrative strategies that combine peer support with formal healthcare interventions result in improved ART adherence.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses exclusively on PLHIV enrolled in ART programs in Kano State and the peer support groups available within local healthcare facilities. Data will be collected from urban and semi-urban centers. Limitations include potential self-report bias, challenges in ensuring participant confidentiality, and the variability in group management practices. The study’s cross-sectional design may also limit the ability to establish causal relationships.
Definitions of Terms
• Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): A regimen of medications used to treat HIV infection.
• Peer Support Groups: Organized groups of individuals with shared experiences who provide mutual emotional and practical assistance.
• Adherence: The extent to which patients take medications as prescribed.
